Questions to ask: Prostate cancer

Diagnosis

• What is my Gleason score and Grade Group?
• What is my risk group, and what does that mean for me?
• What is my PSA, and how fast has it been rising?
• Has the cancer spread outside the prostate? Which scans do I need to know?
• Would a PSMA PET scan help in my situation?
• Should I have an MRI or a genomic tumor test to help decide on treatment?
• Should I have genetic testing for BRCA and other inherited gene changes?
• If I have an inherited gene change, what should my children and siblings do?
• Is active surveillance a reasonable choice for me?
• Should I see both a urologist and a radiation oncologist before I decide?
• Can I get a second opinion on my biopsy or my treatment plan?

Before

• What are all my treatment options, including watching the cancer?
• What is the goal of treatment: to cure, or to control the cancer?
• How will each option affect my bladder, bowels, and erections?
• Will I need hormone therapy, and for how long?
• How will hormone therapy affect my bones, heart, weight, and mood?
• If I have metastatic cancer, which hormone pill or chemotherapy do you suggest, and why?
• Are there targeted treatments based on my gene test results?
• Is there a clinical trial that fits me?
• Should I start pelvic floor exercises before surgery?
• What will treatment cost, and who can help me with insurance or drug costs?
• How can my partner or caregiver help, and what should they watch for?

During

• How often will you check my PSA and testosterone?
• What PSA result would worry you, and what would we do then?
• Which side effects should I call about right away?
• Are any of my other medicines or supplements a problem with my hormone pill?
• Should I take calcium, vitamin D, or a bone medicine?
• Do I need a bone density scan or heart checkup?
• What exercise is safe and helpful for me right now?
• What can I do about hot flashes, fatigue, or low sex drive?
• Is my treatment working? How will we know?
• What are my options if this treatment stops working?
• Who do I call after hours or on weekends?

After

• How often will I need PSA tests and visits?
• What PSA level would mean the cancer may be back?
• If PSA rises, would I need a PSMA PET scan or more treatment?
• What help is available for bladder control or erection problems?
• How long will side effects from hormone therapy last after I stop?
• Which doctor will lead my follow-up care?
• What can I do to stay healthy and lower my heart and bone risks?
• Are there support groups for men with prostate cancer and their partners?

Last updated: 2026-10-27. Medically reviewed by Veli Bakalov, MD, medical oncologist (October 2026). General education from Step by Step, the patient portal of HemeOncBuddy.